How to Draw Pie Site Plan Lot
Despite oft being maligned, the pie chart remains a very commonly-seen chart type. In this article, y'all will learn how to best use this oft-misused chart type.
What is a pie chart?
A pie nautical chart shows how a total corporeality is divided between levels of a categorical variable as a circle divided into radial slices. Each categorical value corresponds with a unmarried slice of the circle, and the size of each slice (both in surface area and arc length) indicates what proportion of the whole each category level takes.
The pie chart above depicts the distribution of votes for a fictional election for a small metropolis. We can come across that Reyes, represented by the get-go blue slice, has only less than half of the votes. Chu (xanthous) is in second, with about a third of the votes, while Williams (majestic) is last, with about a fifth of the votes. The annotations in the upper correct give us a more than precise judgment of the proportions, only the pie chart tells the overarching story of where the votes fell.
When you lot should utilize a pie nautical chart
Pie charts have a fairly narrow use-example that is encapsulated particularly well past its definition. In gild to apply a pie chart, you lot must have some kind of whole amount that is divided into a number of singled-out parts. Your primary objective in a pie chart should be to compare each group'south contribution to the whole, as opposed to comparing groups to each other. If the above points are not satisfied, the pie chart is non appropriate, and a different plot type should be used instead.
The values that comprise a whole and the categories that separate the whole generally come in 2 major varieties. First of all, is when the 'whole' represents a total count. Examples of this include votes in an election divided by candidate, or number of transactions divided by user type (e.g. guest, new user, existing user).
A 2d type of 'whole' is when the total is a sum over an bodily data variable. For example, nosotros might be interested not in the number of transactions, simply the monetary total from all transactions. Dividing this total by an attribute like user type, historic period bracket, or location might provide insights as to where the business organization is nigh successful.
Example of data structure
| Region | Full Acquirement |
|---|---|
| North | 491 064.51 |
| East | 283 445.43 |
| South | 128 753.87 |
| West | 263 391.13 |
Data for a pie chart tin be summarized in a table similar the to a higher place, where the first column indicates a category, and the second the proportion, frequency, or amount of that category. Usually, the total does non need to be specified separately unless it is to be listed somewhere else on a generated figure. Alternatively, some tools tin but piece of work with the unaggregated data every bit in the beneath table, substantially performing the assemblage into the tabular array above at time of pie chart creation.
All-time practices for using a pie chart
Include annotations
It is really very difficult to discern exact proportions from pie charts, outside of pocket-size fractions like i/2 (50%), i/three (33%), and 1/4 (25%). Furthermore, if the slice values are meant to describe amounts rather than proportions, pie charts typically lack the tick marks to allow for estimation of values directly from slice sizes. It is for these reasons that annotations are a standard inclusion for pie charts.
Consider the order of slices
A good order for slices can make it much easier for a reader to empathise what the plot is saying. A typical ordering goes from the largest slice to the smallest slice, very useful when there are categories with very similar values. However, if the category levels accept an inherent ordering, and so plotting slices in that order is usually better.
As for choosing a start bespeak, it's a adept idea to plot slices from a cardinally-oriented direction. Visualization tools will usually offset from the right or from the top. While starting from the right has a mathematical footing regarding conventions on measuring angles, starting from the pinnacle feels more intuitive, since it matches how nosotros read from top to bottom, and how we think about progression of time on a clock or sentry face.
Limit the number of pie slices
Pie charts with a large number of slices tin can exist difficult to read. It can be difficult to encounter the smallest slices, and it can be difficult to choose plenty colors to brand all of the slices distinct. Recommendations vary, only if you take more than about five categories, you might want to think about using a different chart type. As some other option, you might consider lumping small slices into a single 'other' slice, colored in a neutral gray.
Avert distorting furnishings
Reading a pie chart accurately requires that the slices' areas, arc lengths, and angles all signal to an accurate representation of the data. While avoiding 3-d effects is a proficient idea for any plot, it is especially of import for pie charts. Squashing or stretching the circle or adding unnecessary depth can easily distort how big each slice compares to the whole.
Another distortion can come up from the 'exploded' pie nautical chart, where slices are pulled out from the eye for emphasis. This accent comes with a price, where the gaps can make it more difficult to actually approximate the role-to-whole comparing.
Common misuses
Fitting a pie to incompatible data
One of the most common mistakes with using a pie chart is to fit it to data that does not stand for a parts-to-whole comparison. This confusion occurs about often when the values to exist plotted are percentages or proportions, but don't comprise a complete whole. The instance below shows how often the people surveyed used each of iv applications, but since many people used multiple apps, the proportions sum to much more than 100%.
Another tricky case is if the values used for each group are a summary statistic that is not a total. The chart below was built on the average transaction corporeality for multiple transaction types. However, since it ignores how frequently each transaction type was used, it distorts how much revenue is coming in from each type. While checks have the highest average, they might besides be adequately rare in apply. In both cases, a bar chart is an advisable nautical chart blazon to use.
Using pie charts to compare groups to ane some other
If you desire to make comparisons between groups rather than from each grouping to the whole, so y'all are meliorate off with a different chart type. Even when sorting slices past size, information technology can be difficult to tell how different 2 slices are, peculiarly when they movement away from the offset / end bespeak. In the below example, you might assume that the 2d slice is larger than the third due to order, but the corresponding bar chart actually shows the reverse. The main thing that y'all can really say from the pie nautical chart is that both slices are approximately the aforementioned proportions from the whole.
Comparing values across multiple pie charts
There may be cases where you will want to compare multiple pies to 1 another: for example, comparing user demographic distribution across multiple years. However, this runs into a similar issue as the previous section, where you want to compare groups to one another. Even worse, it'south a comparison between pies, then you can't rely on the order of slices as hands for the comparison. Expressing the information using a dissimilar plot, like stacked bar chart, grouped bar chart, or line chart, is often a better selection when this kind of group-to-group comparison is desired. Similar with actual pies, pie charts are all-time taken ane at a time.
Common pie chart options
Absolute frequency vs. relative frequency
Pie charts tin can exist labeled in terms of accented values or by proportions. Labeling slices with absolute amounts and implying the proportions with the slice sizes is conventional, but consider the goals of your visualization carefully in lodge to determine on the best annotation style to use for your plot. In some cases, including both numbers in the annotations can be worth the additional text.
Doughnut plot
A doughnut plot (aka donut plot) is but a pie nautical chart with a central circle removed. For the most part, at that place aren't pregnant differences in readability between a pie chart and donut nautical chart, so the choice of a doughnut over a standard circle is mostly that of aesthetic. One modest boon for the band shape is that the central area can be used for additional information or to report statistics.
Bar chart
The biggest competition for the pie chart comes from the bar chart. Virtually of the time, you won't desire to use a pie chart – rather, a bar chart will get across the points more than compactly and clearly. Many of the bug with pie charts are solved through the use of a bar nautical chart. Yet, bar charts do non immediately sell the office-to-whole comparison, which is pie chart's major do good.
Stacked bar chart
On the other hand, the stacked bar chart blazon can prove to exist a strong rival to the pie chart in its power to communicate a office-to-whole comparison. A unmarried stacked bar can be thought of as a pie nautical chart's slices rolled out into a rectangular class. The rectangular course also makes information technology easier to compare categorical breakdowns across different groups. However, pie charts still have an advantage in familiarity and aesthetics, so they're all the same worth having in listen for the part-to-whole comparison apply case.
Waffle chart
Another culling to the pie chart is the waffle nautical chart, too known every bit a foursquare chart or square pie. A waffle nautical chart comprises 100 icons, typically squares laid out in a 10 x x filigree. Each icon represents ane% of the data, and the icons are colored based on the categorical distribution of the data. While there volition need to be some rounding of category amounts to fit the plot structure – never split icons in this plot – it can be a way of making the relative proportions for each category easier to read.
Virtually visualization tools will be able to create pie charts, despite their express apply case. Donut charts are somewhat less common, only at that place aren't a whole lot of cases where they're truly needed over pie charts. Despite the fact that pie charts have fallen out of favor for nigh visualization needs, it is important to recognize that they are a mutual nautical chart that people mostly know how to read. Pie charts are still swell at their platonic task: immediately selling a part-to-whole comparison objective.
The pie nautical chart is one of many different chart types that can be used for visualizing information. Learn more from our articles on essential chart types, how to choose a type of data visualization, or past browsing the full collection of articles in the charts category.
Source: https://chartio.com/learn/charts/pie-chart-complete-guide/
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